The Punnainallur Mariamman Temple is a famous Hindu Temple situated at Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu. Legend has it that, Mariamman appeared in a dream of the then King Venkoji Maharaja Chatrapati, and indicated that her idol form was situated in a forest of Punna trees, about 3 kilometers away from Thanjavur. Upon reaching the place and recovering the idol, a temple was constructed by the King at the very spot and the idol was installed. This is how the deity of the temple came to be known as Punnainallur Mariamman.

Another legend surrounding the Temple is of how the Goddess cures those who worship her of all bodily ailments. The daughter of Tulaja Raja, who was king of Thanjavur for a period in the early 18th century, was blinded by an illness, and it is believed that upon offering prayers at the temple, she regained vision in her eyes.